Intshayelelo
Iinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo ziziseko zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo kwizakhiwo zanamhlanje, izityalo zoshishino, kunye nezixhobo zorhwebo. Injongo yabo ephambili ilula kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu: ukuhambisa amanzi aneleyo, kuxinzelelo olufanelekileyo, ukulawula okanye ukucima umlilo ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke. Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwezi nkqubo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwicandelo elinye eliphambili-iPump yoMlilo.
I-Fire Pump inoxanduva lokunyusa uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwiinethiwekhi zokukhusela umlilo ukwenzela ukuba i-sprinklers, i-hydrants, kunye ne-hose systems isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphandle koxinzelelo olwaneleyo, nenkqubo yokhuseleko lomlilo eyilwe kakuhle{1} inokusilela ukusebenza xa oko kubaluleke kakhulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi-kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo, amaziko amakhulu emizi-mveliso, okanye kwiindawo ezikude kunikezelo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo lukamasipala.
Ukukhetha iPump yoMlilo echanekileyo ayisona sigqibo sobugcisa; yinkqubo yobunjineli yokhuseleko-ebalulekileyo. Umpompo ongaphantsi komgangatho unokungaphumeleli ukuhambisa uxinzelelo olwaneleyo, ngelixa ipompo enkulu inokunyusa iindleko zokufakela, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye noxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Ukukhetha kakubi kunokukhokelela{3}}ekungathobelini imigaqo yokhuseleko lomlilo kunye neengozi ezinkulu zokusebenza.
Esi sikhokelo sichaza ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokukhetha iMpompo yoMlilo echanekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhusela umlilo. Iquka iimfuno zesixokelelwano, iintlobo zempompo, ingqwalaselo yehydraulic, uyilo lofakelo, kunye nesicelo{1}}izicwangciso-qhinga zokukhetha ezikhethekileyo. Injongo kukubonelela ngesakhelo sobunjineli esicacileyo sokwenza okuthembekileyo kunye neendleko-izigqibo ezisebenzayo zeMpampu yoMlilo.
1. Ukuqonda iiMfuno zeMpompo yoMlilo kwiiNkqubo zoKhuseleko loMlilo
Ngaphambi kokukhetha nayiphi na iMpompo yoMlilo, isinyathelo sokuqala kukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zenkqubo yokukhusela umlilo. Yonke inkqubo yahlukile ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu besakhiwo, indawo yokuhlala, inqanaba lomngcipheko womlilo, kunye neemeko zonikezelo lwamanzi.
• 1.1 Ukumisela uMfuneko woKhuseleko loMlilo
Imfuno yokukhusela umlilo ibhekiselele kubungakanani bamanzi afunekayo ukulawula umlilo kwindawo ethile. Oku kugqitywa yimiba emininzi:
Ubungakanani besakhiwo kunye nendawo yomgangatho opheleleyo
Uhlobo lokuhlala (ukuhlala, urhwebo, umzi-mveliso)
Ukuhlelwa kweengozi zomlilo (umngcipheko ophantsi, ophakathi, ophezulu)
Uhlobo lwenkqubo yokucima umlilo (i-sprinkler, i-hydrant, inkqubo yogwebu)
Umzekelo, indawo yokugcina izinto ezinokutsha ifuna imfuno ephezulu yamanzi xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo esincinci seofisi. Ngokufanayo, izityalo zoshishino eziphethe iikhemikhali okanye i-fuel zifuna iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokucima umlilo ezinomthamo ophezulu wokuhamba.
Ukuqonda imfuno sisiseko sokukhethwa kwePump yoMlilo kuba ichaza umgangatho womsebenzi omncinci ofunekayo.
• 1.2 Ireyithi yokuHamba efunekayo kunye noxinzelelo
Iiparamitha ezimbini eziphambili zichaza ukusebenza kweMpompo yoMlilo:
Umgangatho wohambo
Umyinge wokuqukuqela ubhekisa kumthamo wamanzi anikezelweyo ngexesha leyunithi nganye, ngokwesiqhelo elinganiselwa ngeegaloni ngomzuzu (GPM) okanye iicubic metres ngeyure (m³/h). Imisela ukuba angakanani amanzi anokuthi anikezelwe yinkqubo ngexesha lomlilo.
Uxinzelelo (iNtloko)
Uxinzelelo lubhekiselele kumandla afunekayo ukutyhala amanzi ngemibhobho nokufikelela kuzo zonke iindawo zokukhusela umlilo. Kufuneka yoyise:
Ukuphakama okuthe nkqo kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo-eziphakamileyo
Ilahleko yefriction kwimibhobho
Ukumelana neevalvu, izifakelo, kunye neentloko zokufafaza
IMpompo yoMlilo echanekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo ngaxeshanye. Ukuba nayiphi na iparameter ayanelanga, ukusebenza kwenkqubo kuya kuphazamiseka.
• 1.3 ImiGangatho yoYilo lweSistim kunye neMimiselo
Ukukhetha iMpompo yoMlilo kufuneka kuhambelane nemigangatho eyaziwayo yokhuseleko. Le migangatho iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kunye nokuthotyelwa komthetho.
Imigangatho eqhelekileyo iquka:
I-NFPA 20 (Ufakelo lweempompo zoMlilo eziZinzileyo)
Iikhowudi zomlilo zezakhiwo zasekuhlaleni
Iimfuno ze-inshurensi kumaziko oshishino
Le mimiselo ichaza indlela yokusebenza ephantsi, iimfuno zofakelo, kunye nohlengahlengiso lokungafuneki. Ukungathotyelwa-kunokukhokelela ekukhatyweni kweprojekthi okanye ekungaphumeleli kwesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko.
2. Iindidi zeMpompo yoMlilo kunye nezicelo zazo
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeMpompo yoMlilo zenzelwe iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo kubalulekile kukhetho olufanelekileyo.
• 2.1 Impompo yoMlilo yoMbane
Umbhobho woMlilo wombane lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo zanamhlanje.
Ezona mpawu:
Iqhutywa yimoto yombane
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo
Iindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi
Ifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezinombane othembekileyo
Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo:
Izakhiwo zeeofisi
Udederhu lweevenkile
Izakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakamileyo-zezakhiwo
Izibonelelo ezisemgangathweni zoshishino
Nangona kunjalo, iiPumpu zoMlilo zombane zixhomekeke kumbane oqhubekayo, ngoko ke iinkqubo zokulondoloza zidla ngokufuneka.
• 2.2 Impompo yoMlilo ye-injini ye-diesel
I-diesel Fire Pump isetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokugcina okanye kwiindawo apho ukuthembeka kombane kungaqinisekanga.
Ezona mpawu:
Ukuzimela kwamandla ombane
Uthembekile ngexesha lokucima kombane
Iyakwazi ukusebenza ngokungxamisekileyo ngokuqhubekayo
Ifuna ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa kwamafutha
Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo:
Izityalo zoshishino
Iziseko ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nezikhululo zeenqwelo moya kunye nezikhululo zamandla
IiPumpu zoMlilo weDizili zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukungasebenzi kwenkqubo.
• 2.3 Iindima zeJent: iimpompo zombane zokwenziwa komsebenzi oyintloko, iimpompo zedizili zokhuseleko olungxamisekileyo, kunye neempompo zejockey zokuzinza koxinzelelo. Uyilo olufanelekileyo lwe-hydraulic, kubandakanywa izinga lokuhamba, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwe-NPSH, iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuzinza.
Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo kukudibanisa inkqubo. Neyona Pump yoMlilo igqwesileyo ayizukusebenza kakuhle ukuba uyilo lwemibhobho, iinkqubo zolawulo, okanye ulungelelwaniso lwe-redundancy alwenziwanga kakuhle.
Ekugqibeleni, iPompu yoMlilo{{0}ekhethwe kakuhle iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomlilo oluthembekileyo, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu-ukhuseleko lobomi kunye nepropathi kwindawo yoshishino neyorhwebo.